> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.transitionzero.org/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.
# Southeast Asia: ASEAN Power Grid (APG)
> This section provides specific details about Scenario Builder's model of ASEAN Power Grid, a multi-country model connecting the electricity systems of all ten ASEAN member states — Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam — covering generation, dispatch, and cross-border trade flows.
# Changelog
Support for APG capacity expansion and dispatch scenarios
# Model scope
## Capacity Expansion
* Base year: 2023
* End year: 2050
* Spatial resolution:
* National (10-node)
* Regional (25-nodes):
* Java (GRIDREGION-IDN-JW)
* Kalimantan (GRIDREGION-IDN-KA)
* Maluku (GRIDREGION-IDN-ML)
* Nusa Tenggara (GRIDREGION-IDN-NU)
* Papua (GRIDREGION-IDN-PP)
* Sulawesi (GRIDREGION-IDN-SL)
* Sumatra (GRIDREGION-IDN-SM)
* Peninsular (GRIDREGION-MYS-PE)
* Sabah (GRIDREGION-MYS-SH)
* Sarawak (GRIDREGION-MYS-SK)
* Luzon (GRIDREGION-PHL-LU)
* Mindanao (GRIDREGION-PHL-MI)
* Visayas (GRIDREGION-PHL-VI)
* Singapore (GRIDREGION-SGP-BT)
* Batam Solar (GRIDREGION-SGP-ML)
* Central Thailand (GRIDREGION-THA-CE)
* Northern Thailand (GRIDREGION-THA-NO)
* Southern Thailand (GRIDREGION-THA-SO)
* Central Vietnam (GRIDREGION-VNM-CE)
* Northern Vietnam (GRIDREGION-VNM-NO)
* Southern Vietnam (GRIDREGION-VNM-SO)
* Laos (LAO)
* Brunei (BRN)
* Cambodia (KHM)
* Myanmar (MMR)
* Temporal resolution:
* Low resolution (24-hourly and yearly) - 1 Timeslice
* Medium resolution (3-hourly and 3-monthly) - 32 Timeslices
## Dispatch
* Spatial resolution:
* National (10-node)
* Regional (25-nodes):
* Java (GRIDREGION-IDN-JW)
* Kalimantan (GRIDREGION-IDN-KA)
* Maluku (GRIDREGION-IDN-ML)
* Nusa Tenggara (GRIDREGION-IDN-NU)
* Papua (GRIDREGION-IDN-PP)
* Sulawesi (GRIDREGION-IDN-SL)
* Sumatra (GRIDREGION-IDN-SM)
* Peninsular (GRIDREGION-MYS-PE)
* Sabah (GRIDREGION-MYS-SH)
* Sarawak (GRIDREGION-MYS-SK)
* Luzon (GRIDREGION-PHL-LU)
* Mindanao (GRIDREGION-PHL-MI)
* Visayas (GRIDREGION-PHL-VI)
* Singapore (GRIDREGION-SGP-BT)
* Batam Solar (GRIDREGION-SGP-ML)
* Central Thailand (GRIDREGION-THA-CE)
* Northern Thailand (GRIDREGION-THA-NO)
* Southern Thailand (GRIDREGION-THA-SO)
* Central Vietnam (GRIDREGION-VNM-CE)
* Northern Vietnam (GRIDREGION-VNM-NO)
* Southern Vietnam (GRIDREGION-VNM-SO)
* Laos (LAO)
* Brunei (BRN)
* Cambodia (KHM)
* Myanmar (MMR)
* Temporal resolution:
* High resolution (hourly and single year) - 8760 timesteps
* Available for single years between 2023-2050
# Data sourcing table
| Input variable | Data source | Data standard |
| :---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------------ |
| Demand profiles - current | 2023 load profile of [NEMS](http://nems.emcsg.com/nems-prices) for Singapore, 2023 load profile of [GSO](https://www.gso.org.my/SystemData/SystemDemand.aspx/) for Malaysia, 2023 load profile of [IEMOP](https://www.iemop.ph/) for The Philippines, 2023 load profile of [NSMO](https://www.nsmo.vn/) for Vietnam, and 2015 load profile from [TransitionZero in-house methodology](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg) for the rest | Silver |
| Demand profiles - future | Same profile assumed for all future years | Bronze |
| Annual demand - current | [NEMS](http://nems.emcsg.com/nems-prices), Tenaga Nasional Berhad, [Sarawak Energy Berhad](https://www.sarawakenergy.com/investors/annual-and-sustainability-reports/annual-reports), [Malaysia Energy Commission](https://myenergystats.st.gov.my/dashboard), [IEMOP](https://www.iemop.ph/), Electricity of Vietnam (EVN), [EDL Statistic Yearbook 2023](https://edl.com.la/statistic#), [Electricity Authority of Cambodia's Annual Reports on Power Sector](https://eac.gov.kh/site/annualreport?lang=en), [Brunei Darussalum Department of Planning and Statistics](https://deps.mofe.gov.bn/DEPD%20Documents%20Library/DOS/BDSYB/BDSYB.pdf), [Energy Policy and Planning Office (EPPO)](https://www.eppo.go.th/index.php/en/en-energystatistics/electricity-statistic), [Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA)](https://www.pea.co.th/en/about-pea/annual-report), CASE Indonesia, [RUPTL 2025-2034](https://gatrik.esdm.go.id/assets/uploads/download_index/files/b967d-ruptl-pln-2025-2034-pub-.pdf), [TransitionZero in-house methodology](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg) | Silver |
| Annual demand - future | [Philippines Power Development Plan](https://legacy.doe.gov.ph/sites/default/files/pdf/electric_power/development_plans/Power%20Development%20Plan%202023-2050.pdf), CASE Indonesia, [RUPTL 2025-2034](https://gatrik.esdm.go.id/assets/uploads/download_index/files/b967d-ruptl-pln-2025-2034-pub-.pdf), [Transition Zero in-house methodology](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg) | Bronze |
| Solar profile - current | [NEMS](http://nems.emcsg.com/nems-prices), [GSO](https://www.gso.org.my/SystemData/SystemDemand.aspx/), [Transition Zero in-house methodology](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg) | Silver |
| Solar profile - future | Shape of the renewable profiles does not change in the future. | Bronze |
| Hydropower profile - current | [GSO](https://www.gso.org.my/SystemData/SystemDemand.aspx/), [Transition Zero in-house methodology](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg) | Silver |
| Hydropower profile - future | Shape of the renewable profiles does not change in the future. | Bronze |
| Other renewable profiles - current | [Transition Zero in-house methodology](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg) | Bronze |
| Other renewable profiles - future | Shape of the renewable profiles does not change in the future. | Bronze |
| Renewable potentials | [Transition Zero in-house methodology](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg) | Bronze |
| Technology costs - current | [Indonesia Technology Catalogue by Danish Energy Agency and The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resource](https://gatrik.esdm.go.id/assets/uploads/download_index/files/c4d42-technology-data-for-the-indonesian-power-sector-2024-annoteret-af-kb-.pdf), [VietNam Technology Catalogue by Danish Energy Agency](https://ens.dk/en/global-coorporation/energy-partnerships/vietnam), [BNEF Malaysia Technology Cost](https://assets.bbhub.io/professional/sites/24/Malaysia-A-Techno-Economic-Analysis-of-Power-Generation.pdf), and [The 8th ASEAN Energy Outlook by ASEAN Center of Energy](https://aseanenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/8th-ASEAN-Energy-Outlook.pdf) | Silver |
| Technology costs - future | [Indonesia Technology Catalogue by Danish Energy Agency and The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resource](https://gatrik.esdm.go.id/assets/uploads/download_index/files/c4d42-technology-data-for-the-indonesian-power-sector-2024-annoteret-af-kb-.pdf), [VietNam Technology Catalogue by Danish Energy Agency](https://ens.dk/en/global-coorporation/energy-partnerships/vietnam), [BNEF Malaysia Technology Cost](https://assets.bbhub.io/professional/sites/24/Malaysia-A-Techno-Economic-Analysis-of-Power-Generation.pdf), and [The 8th ASEAN Energy Outlook by ASEAN Center of Energy](https://aseanenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/8th-ASEAN-Energy-Outlook.pdf) | Silver |
| Interconnector lists | [Transition Zero APG study 2024 version Scenario 4](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg) | Silver |
| Interconnector capacity data - current | [Global Transmission Database](https://zenodo.org/records/10870602) | Silver |
| Interconnector capacity data - future | [Transition Zero in-house methodology](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg) | Silver |
| Interconnector technology costs - current | [Transition Zero in-house methodology](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg) | Bronze |
| Interconnector technology costs - future | [Transition Zero in-house methodology](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg) | Bronze |
| Commodity costs - current | Tenaga Nasional Berhad, Sarawak Energy Berhah, [BNEF Malaysia Technology Cost](https://assets.bbhub.io/professional/sites/24/Malaysia-A-Techno-Economic-Analysis-of-Power-Generation.pdf) and [Transition Zero in-house methodology](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg) | Silver |
| Commodity costs - future | [Transition Zero in-house methodology](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg), [BNEF Malaysia Technology Cost](https://assets.bbhub.io/professional/sites/24/Malaysia-A-Techno-Economic-Analysis-of-Power-Generation.pdf) | Silver |
| Efficiency / Losses | [Indonesia Technology Catalogue by Danish Energy Agency and The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resource](https://gatrik.esdm.go.id/assets/uploads/download_index/files/c4d42-technology-data-for-the-indonesian-power-sector-2024-annoteret-af-kb-.pdf), [VietNam Technology Catalogue by Danish Energy Agency](https://ens.dk/en/global-coorporation/energy-partnerships/vietnam), [BNEF Malaysia Technology Cost](https://assets.bbhub.io/professional/sites/24/Malaysia-A-Techno-Economic-Analysis-of-Power-Generation.pdf), and [The 8th ASEAN Energy Outlook by ASEAN Center of Energy](https://aseanenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/8th-ASEAN-Energy-Outlook.pdf) | Silver |
| Minimum generation level | Technology specific, calibrated based on historical generation levels, then linearly reduced to zero by 2035 | Bronze |
| Planned outages / Availability | Technology specific, calibrated based on historical generation, and [NREL ATB 2024](https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/index) | Bronze |
| Discount rate | Default (5%) | Bronze |
| Reserve margin | Default (20%) | Bronze |
| WACC | IEA Cost of Capital Observatory | Bronze |
| Power plant data (location, capacity, fuel, technology, start year, end year) | Compilation of the individual country power plant datasets | Gold |