> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.transitionzero.org/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # Global Data and Methodology # Summary Most of our uncalibrated models use global data sources and averaged values. These uncalibrated models are basic, out-of-the-box scenarios that are intended to get users up and running quickly; they are not finished or fully calibrated scenarios. They're designed to be edited and calibrated further to reach a higher level of data quality for any given use case. The uncalibrated scenario set using global data includes: * Medium- and low-resolution OSeMOSYS capacity expansion scenarios, covering 2023–2050. * PyPSA yearly scenarios, covering the base year (2023) plus every 5th year from 2025 through 2050. Uncalibrated scenarios build and solve successfully, but have not been through TransitionZero's [model calibration standard](/methodology/model-calibration), so results have not been checked against historical capacities, generation, emissions, or trade. Use it for exploratory analysis out of the box, and calibrate it for modelling work. # Available countries Our uncalibrated scenarios using global data span 140 countries. Browse them below, grouped by continent. Angola (AGO), Benin (BEN), Burkina Faso (BFA), Botswana (BWA), Central African Republic (CAF), Côte d'Ivoire (CIV), Cameroon (CMR), DR Congo (COD), Congo (COG), Djibouti (DJI), Algeria (DZA), Egypt (EGY), Eritrea (ERI), Western Sahara (ESH), Ethiopia (ETH), Gabon (GAB), Ghana (GHA), Guinea (GIN), Gambia (GMB), Equatorial Guinea (GNQ), Kenya (KEN), Liberia (LBR), Libya (LBY), Morocco (MAR), Madagascar (MDG), Mauritius (MUS), Malawi (MWI), Namibia (NAM), Niger (NER), Nigeria (NGA), Rwanda (RWA), Sudan (SDN), Sierra Leone (SLE), Somalia (SOM), Eswatini (SWZ), Seychelles (SYC), Chad (TCD), Togo (TGO), Tunisia (TUN), Tanzania (TZA), Uganda (UGA), Zambia (ZMB), Zimbabwe (ZWE) Afghanistan (AFG), United Arab Emirates (ARE), Armenia (ARM), Azerbaijan (AZE), Bahrain (BHR), Bhutan (BTN), China (CHN), Cyprus (CYP), Georgia (GEO), Hong Kong (HKG), Iran (IRN), Iraq (IRQ), Israel (ISR), Jordan (JOR), Kazakhstan (KAZ), Kyrgyzstan (KGZ), South Korea (KOR), Kuwait (KWT), Lebanon (LBN), Sri Lanka (LKA), Mongolia (MNG), Nepal (NPL), Oman (OMN), North Korea (PRK), Qatar (QAT), Saudi Arabia (SAU), Syria (SYR), Tajikistan (TJK), Turkmenistan (TKM), Türkiye (TUR), Taiwan (TWN), Uzbekistan (UZB), Yemen (YEM) Austria (AUT), Belgium (BEL), Bulgaria (BGR), Belarus (BLR), Switzerland (CHE), Czechia (CZE), Germany (DEU), Denmark (DNK), Spain (ESP), Estonia (EST), Finland (FIN), France (FRA), United Kingdom (GBR), Greece (GRC), Croatia (HRV), Hungary (HUN), Ireland (IRL), Italy (ITA), Lithuania (LTU), Luxembourg (LUX), Latvia (LVA), Moldova (MDA), Malta (MLT), Netherlands (NLD), Norway (NOR), Poland (POL), Portugal (PRT), Romania (ROU), Russia (RUS), Slovakia (SVK), Slovenia (SVN), Sweden (SWE), Ukraine (UKR) Belize (BLZ), Bermuda (BMU), Canada (CAN), Costa Rica (CRI), Dominican Republic (DOM), Guatemala (GTM), Honduras (HND), Jamaica (JAM), Mexico (MEX), Nicaragua (NIC), Panama (PAN), Puerto Rico (PRI), El Salvador (SLV), Trinidad and Tobago (TTO), United States (USA) Argentina (ARG), Bolivia (BOL), Brazil (BRA), Chile (CHL), Colombia (COL), Ecuador (ECU), French Guiana (GUF), Guyana (GUY), Peru (PER), Paraguay (PRY), Suriname (SUR), Uruguay (URY), Venezuela (VEN) Australia (AUS), Fiji (FJI), New Zealand (NZL) Don't see a country you want to model? Take a look at our [Calibrated Country Models](/countries/overview), where we have calibrated least-cost dispatch and capacity expansion scenarios according to the [TransitionZero calibration standard](/methodology/model-calibration). # Input Data Types & Sources View the [Input Data Types page](https://docs.transitionzero.org/platform/input-types) for definitions. | Input Data Type | Source | Notes | | :-------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Maximum additional capacity | Fixed value — 0 MW | Set to 0 for Import/Export and Marine technologies only. | | Absolute maximum growth rate | Fixed value — 2% of base-year installed capacity | Applied for all years and technologies. | | Relative maximum growth rate | Fixed value — 20% | — | | Renewable profile | Developed internally by Calvin Nesbitt (country-level capacity factors), gap-filled with country-specific empirical sources | Underlying year shifted from 2013 to 2023. Locations without coverage from internally developed data, or needing correction (Kiribati, Maldives), are filled with country-specific sources — solar and onshore-wind capacity factors for Kiribati from Renewables Ninja, and a calibrated dataset for Maldives. | | Generator capital cost | Mostly IEA-WEO-2025; battery and hydro-pumped-storage from NREL ATB | Gaps in import, export, gas-ccs, coal-ccs, csp, marine, geothermal filled with average values using data collected for other calibrated scenarios. | | Cost of capital | Mostly [Hatton2026\_WACC](https://zenodo.org/records/18662192); battery and hydro-pumped-storage from NREL ATB | Gaps in import filled with average values using data collected for other calibrated scenarios. | | Annual demand | EMBER 2023 actual generation, anchored to Toktarova et al.'s (Christian Breyer et al.) 2023→2050 growth trajectory — [Global Demand Dataset (Real Load Profiles)](https://app.notion.com/p/Global-Demand-Dataset-Real-Load-Profiles-1309ab42b135805e9053d1d88d9fb04b?pvs=21); a handful of non-EMBER countries use the Toktarova magnitude alone. | For the majority of countries, 2023 magnitude is anchored to EMBER's actual total generation, and grown to 2050 using Toktarova et al.'s (Christian Breyer et al.) 2023→2050 growth rate — so EMBER sets the level, Toktarova sets the trajectory, with linear interpolation in between. A handful of countries not covered by EMBER fall back to Toktarova's magnitude alone: summed from their hourly synthetic profiles at 2020/2030/2040/2050 anchors, then linearly interpolated between decade boundaries.

For African countries, where this implies more than 10x growth from 2023 to 2050, the 2050 value is capped at 10x 2023 and re-interpolated linearly — applied consistently whether the country is EMBER- or Toktarova-anchored.

Coverage is extended with 8 nodes from the demand profile dataset (COD, COG, ESH, GUF, MNE, SUR, TLS, TWN) from TZ's "Cables to Change the World" interconnector study — restoring COD/COG. BFA is EMBER-anchored instead: it has no Toktarova trajectory, so its 2050 value defaults to a flat 10x its EMBER 2023 level rather than using the interconnector study figure.

Paraguay's EMBER level is scaled by 0.43 to exclude net electricity exports, using IEA data. | | Annual demand (grid regions) | Grid region resolution is not yet available | Grid region resolution is not yet available | | Demand profile | Synthetic demand data (178 nodes, extended to 187) | The raw dataset covers 179 countries; COD and COG were initially dropped for inconsistent presence across decades (COD only in 2020, COG only from 2030 on), leaving 177 nodes. Intermediate years are linearly interpolated between surrounding anchors (handling both rising and falling demand) instead of repeating the nearest decade.
Coverage has since been extended with 9 additional nodes (BFA, COD, COG, ESH, GUF, MNE, SUR, TLS, TWN) sourced from TransitionZero's "Cables to Change the World" interconnector study — this restores COD and COG. | | Discount rate | Fixed value — 0.014 | Discount rate must be ≤ the generator capital cost for each technology, otherwise the run is unbounded / infeasible — hence 0.014 for the MVP (vs. the 0.05 default set in `tz-mod`). | | Emissions rate | Averaged using data collected for other calibrated scenarios | — | | Fuel use rate | GNESTE | Gaps filled with average values using data collected for other calibrated scenarios. | | Maximum charge rate | Fixed value — 28,000,000 | — | | Maximum discharge rate | Fixed value — 28,000,000 | — | | Operating life | Averaged using data collected for other calibrated scenarios | — | | Fixed operating cost | IEA-WEO-2025 | Gaps in import, export, gas-ccs, coal-ccs, csp, marine, geothermal, battery, and hydro-pumped-storage filled with average values using data collected for other calibrated scenarios. | | Variable operating cost | Averaged using data collected for other calibrated scenarios | — | | Fuel price | Coal, oil, and gas from World Bank Commodity Markets Outlook (Pink Sheet, August 2026); uranium from Lazard, 2023 (via GNESTE) | Bioenergy and waste filled with average values using data collected for other calibrated scenarios. | | Ramp down rate | Fixed value — 0.5 | — | | Ramp up rate | Fixed value — 0.5 | — | | Reserve margin | Averaged using data collected for other calibrated scenarios | — | | Reserve margin contribution | Reused from the Indonesia project | Global values originally created by Yanti and Dan for the Indonesia project. | | Installed capacity | GEM Global Power Tracker (published 2025-09-01) | Import/export residual capacity set to 2023 Ember values. Guyana supplemented with the [2023 Guyana Energy Report Card](https://cekh.ccreee.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2023-Guyana-Energy-Report-Card.pdf); Belize supplemented with [IRENASTAT](https://www.irena.org/Data/Downloads/IRENASTAT). | | Installed capacity (grid regions) | GEM Global Power Tracker (published 2025-09-01) | — | | Storage balance (day) | Fixed value — 1 | — | | Storage balance (season) | Fixed value — 0 | — | | Storage balance (year) | Fixed value — 0 | — |