> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.transitionzero.org/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Thailand

> This section provides specific details about Scenario Builder's model of Thailand.

# Changelog

<Update label="v1.4.8" description="07 Jan 2026">
  Support for Thailand dispatch scenarios
</Update>

<Update label="v1.4.3" description="29 Oct 2025">
  The Thailand 1-node and 3-node model added to Scenario Builder
</Update>

# Model scope

## Capacity Expansion

* Base year: 2023
* End year: 2050
* Spatial resolution:
  * National (1-node)
  * Regional (3-nodes):
    * Thailand Central (GRIDREGION-THA-CE)
    * Thailand South (GRIDREGION-THA-SO)
    * Thailand North (GRIDREGION-THA-NO)
* Temporal resolution:
  * Low resolution (24-hourly and yearly) - 1 Timeslice
  * Medium resolution (3-hourly and 3-monthly) - 32 Timeslices

## Dispatch

* Spatial resolution:
  * National (1-node)
  * Regional (3-nodes):
    * Thailand Central (GRIDREGION-THA-CE)
    * Thailand South (GRIDREGION-THA-SO)
    * Thailand North (GRIDREGION-THA-NO)
* Temporal resolution:
  * High resolution (hourly and single year) - 8760 timesteps
  * Available for single years between 2023-2050

# Data sourcing table

| **Input variable**                                                            | **Data source**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | **Data standard** |
| :---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :---------------- |
| Demand profiles - current                                                     | Shape of the demand at the national-level synthetically generated from a historical year (2015)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | Silver            |
| Demand profiles - future                                                      | Shape of the demand profile does not change in the future.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | Bronze            |
| Annual demand - current                                                       | [<u>Energy Policy and Planning Office (EPPO)</u>](https://www.eppo.go.th/index.php/en/en-energystatistics/electricity-statistic), [<u>Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA)</u>](https://www.pea.co.th/en/about-pea/annual-report)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | Gold              |
| Annual demand - future                                                        | TransitionZero in-house estimates                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Bronze            |
| Renewable profiles - current                                                  | TransitionZero in-house methodology ([https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Silver            |
| Renewable profiles - future                                                   | Shape of the renewable profiles does not change in the future.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Bronze            |
| Renewable potentials                                                          | TransitionZero in-house methodology ([https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Bronze            |
| Technology costs - current                                                    | [<u>Indonesia Technology Catalogue by Danish Energy Agency and The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resource</u>](https://gatrik.esdm.go.id/assets/uploads/download_index/files/c4d42-technology-data-for-the-indonesian-power-sector-2024-annoteret-af-kb-.pdf), [<u>VietNam Technology Catalogue by Danish Energy Agency</u>](https://ens.dk/en/global-coorporation/energy-partnerships/vietnam), [<u>BNEF Malaysia Technology Cost</u>](https://assets.bbhub.io/professional/sites/24/Malaysia-A-Techno-Economic-Analysis-of-Power-Generation.pdf), and [<u>The 8th ASEAN Energy Outlook by ASEAN Center of Energy</u>](https://aseanenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/8th-ASEAN-Energy-Outlook.pdf)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | Silver            |
| Technology costs - future                                                     | [Indonesia Technology Catalogue by Danish Energy Agency and The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resource](https://gatrik.esdm.go.id/assets/uploads/download_index/files/c4d42-technology-data-for-the-indonesian-power-sector-2024-annoteret-af-kb-.pdf), [VietNam Technology Catalogue by Danish Energy Agency](https://ens.dk/en/global-coorporation/energy-partnerships/vietnam), [BNEF Malaysia Technology Cost](https://assets.bbhub.io/professional/sites/24/Malaysia-A-Techno-Economic-Analysis-of-Power-Generation.pdf), and [The 8th ASEAN Energy Outlook by ASEAN Center of Energy](https://aseanenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/8th-ASEAN-Energy-Outlook.pdf)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Silver            |
| Interconnector technology costs - current                                     | TransitionZero in-house methodology ([https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Silver            |
| Interconnector technology costs - future                                      | TransitionZero in-house methodology ([https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Silver            |
| Commodity costs - current                                                     | TransitionZero in-house methodology ([https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Silver            |
| Commodity costs - future                                                      | TransitionZero in-house estimates ([https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Silver            |
| Domestic interconnector capacity data - current                               | [<u>Global Transmission Database</u>](https://zenodo.org/records/10870602)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | Silver            |
| Domestic interconnector capacity data - future                                | TransitionZero in-house methodology ([https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Silver            |
| Electricity cross border trade cost - current                                 | Marginal cost of neighboring countries exporting electricity to/from Thailand based on [<u>TZ APG study</u>](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | Bronze            |
| Electricity cross border trade cost - future                                  | Marginal cost of neighboring countries exporting electricity to/from Thailand based on [<u>TZ APG study</u>](https://www.transitionzero.org/insights/from-vision-to-voltage-with-tz-apg)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | Bronze            |
| Efficiency / Losses                                                           | [Indonesia Technology Catalogue by Danish Energy Agency and The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resource](https://gatrik.esdm.go.id/assets/uploads/download_index/files/c4d42-technology-data-for-the-indonesian-power-sector-2024-annoteret-af-kb-.pdf), [VietNam Technology Catalogue by Danish Energy Agency](https://ens.dk/en/global-coorporation/energy-partnerships/vietnam), [BNEF Malaysia Technology Cost](https://assets.bbhub.io/professional/sites/24/Malaysia-A-Techno-Economic-Analysis-of-Power-Generation.pdf), and [The 8th ASEAN Energy Outlook by ASEAN Center of Energy](https://aseanenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/8th-ASEAN-Energy-Outlook.pdf)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Silver            |
| Minimum generation level                                                      | Technology specific, calibrated based on historical generation levels, and then linearly reduced to zero by 2035                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Bronze            |
| Planned outages / Availability                                                | Technology specific, calibrated based on historical generation, and [<u>NREL ATB 2024</u>](https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/index)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            | Bronze            |
| Discount rate                                                                 | Default (5%)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Bronze            |
| WACC                                                                          | IEA Cost of Capital Observatory                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | Bronze            |
| Power plant data (location, capacity, fuel, technology, start year, end year) | Data served as initial and planned capacities from 2023 to 2050. This data is curated and validated by TransitionZero and only includes on-grid capacities. The base dataset is from Global Energy Monitor with enhancements from "additional asset sources". See the following: [<u>Absolute Clean Energy</u>](https://ace.listedcompany.com/misc/one-report/20250327-ace-or2024-en.pdf), [<u>B.Grimm Power</u>](https://bgrim.listedcompany.com/misc/one-report/20250322-bgrim-one-report-2024-en.pdf), [<u>BAFS Clean Energy</u>](https://bafscleanenergy.com/our-business/), [<u>Bangchak</u>](https://www.bangchak.co.th/storage/document/ar/ar2013-en.pdf), [<u>BCPG</u>](https://www.bcpggroup.com/en/newsroom/news/217/bcpg-s-lomligor-wind-farm-starts-commercial-operation-ahead-of-schedule-with-immediate-revenue-recognition), [<u>BLCP Power</u>](https://www.blcp.co.th/web/History%20BLCP), [<u>Chubu Electric Power</u>](https://www.chuden.co.jp/english/corporate/releases/pressreleases/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2020/04/14/06211.pdf), [<u>CK Power</u>](https://ckp.listedcompany.com/misc/one-report/20250324-ckp-or2024-en.pdf), [<u>EGAT</u>](https://www.egat.co.th/home/en/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/EGAT-AR_EN_2024_250612.pdf), [<u>EGCO</u>](https://www.egco.com/en/document/viewer/138151/one-report-2024), [<u>Energy Absolute</u>](https://ww2.energyabsolute.co.th/annual/EA_E-One%20report2024_EN.pdf), [<u>GE Vernova</u>](https://www.gevernova.com/news/press-releases/powered-by-ges-ha-technology-egats-bang-pakong-combined-cycle-power-plant-adds), [<u>Glow Group</u>](https://www.glow.co.th/en/downloads/annual-report), [<u>GPSC</u>](https://gpsc.listedcompany.com/misc/one-report/gpsc-one-report-2024-en.pdf), [<u>Green Resources</u>](https://www.greenresources.co.th/en/project/5), [<u>Gulf Energy</u>](https://hub.optiwise.io/en/documents/151692/gulf-or2024-en.pdf), [<u>Gunkul</u>](https://hub.optiwise.io/en/documents/155766/gunkul-ar2024-en.pdf), [<u>Hyundai Engineering</u>](https://m.hec.co.kr/en/business/power/9556), [<u>Infinite Green</u>](http://www.infinitegreen.co.th/background-eng/), [<u>National Power Supply</u>](https://nps.listedcompany.com/misc/ar/20240329-nps-ar2023-en.pdf), [<u>Prime Road Power</u>](https://primeroadpower.com/solarth/kamphaengphet-1-project/), [<u>RATCH Group</u>](https://ratch.listedcompany.com/misc/ar/ratch-ar2024-en.pdf), [<u>Sermsang Power</u>](https://www.sermsang.com/en/our-projects/), [<u>SPCG</u>](https://www.spcg.co.th//media/doc/1746006632_PDF_FNSPCG2024_EN_Final.pdf), [<u>Thai Oil Group</u>](https://top.listedcompany.com/misc/one-report/20250228-top-one-report2024-en.pdf), [<u>Thai Solar Energy</u>](https://www.thaisolarenergy.com/index.php/solar-farm-thailand/), [<u>Wind Energy Holding</u>](https://www.windenergyholding.com/en/projects/) | Gold              |
