Capacity
Absolute maximum growth rate
Absolute maximum growth rate
Framework: osemosysUnit: MWTemporality: year_onlyMaximum allowed increase in capacity for a given technology year on year. Expressed in absolute values. If used in conjunction with maximum relative growth rates, capacity will be limited to whichever value is greater. Provides a floor value for maximum growth rates for technologies with no / low installed capacity.
Installed capacity
Installed capacity
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: MWTemporality: year_onlyExisting and planned generator and interconnector capacity. Generator capacities are specified per geography. Interconnector capacities are specified between geographies.
Maximum additional capacity
Maximum additional capacity
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: MWTemporality: year_onlyMaximum additional capacity allowed per technology above the installed capacity for that technology for that year. This can be used to limit additional capacity being built e.g. if set to 0, then no additional capacity will be built.
Maximum total capacity
Maximum total capacity
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: MWTemporality: year_onlyMaximum total capacity allowed per technology. This can be used to limit total capacity per technology.
Minimum additional capacity
Minimum additional capacity
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: MWTemporality: year_onlyMinimum additional capacity required per technology above the installed capacity for that technology for that year. This can be used to set capacity targets that are in addition to the installed capacity.
Minimum total capacity
Minimum total capacity
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: MWTemporality: year_onlyMinimum total capacity required per technology. This can be used to set total capacity targets.
Relative maximum growth rate
Relative maximum growth rate
Framework: osemosysUnit: unitlessTemporality: year_onlyMaximum allowed increase in capacity for a given technology year on year. Expressed as a decimal e.g. 0.2 for 20%. If used in conjunction with maximum absolute growth rates, capacity will be limited to whichever value is greater.
Relative minimum growth rate
Relative minimum growth rate
Framework: osemosysUnit: unitlessTemporality: year_onlyMinimum increase in capacity required per technology year on year. Expressed as a decimal e.g. 0.2 for 20%.
Renewable potential
Renewable potential
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: MWTemporality: constantTotal maximum capacity allowed for renewable technologies per year.
Costs
Fixed operating cost
Fixed operating cost
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: $/MWTemporality: year_onlyFixed operating & maintenance costs per technology.
Fuel price
Fuel price
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: $/MWhTemporality: year_onlyCost per fuel.
Generator capital cost
Generator capital cost
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: $/MWTemporality: year_onlyOvernight investment cost per technology.
Variable operating cost
Variable operating cost
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: $/MWhTemporality: year_onlyVariable operating & maintenance costs per technology.
Demand
Annual demand
Annual demand
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: MWhTemporality: year_onlyTotal annual electricity demand per region.
Demand profile
Demand profile
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: unitlessTemporality: fullElectricity demand per time-slice as a proportion of total annual demand. Expressed as a decimal e.g. 0.2 for 20%.
Economic
Cost of capital
Cost of capital
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: unitlessTemporality: constantCost of capital is the “price of money” used to build a technology. It turns a one-time overnight capital cost into an annual cost so the model can compare technologies fairly. A higher cost of capital means a more expensive annualised cost.
Discount rate
Discount rate
Framework: osemosysUnit: unitlessTemporality: constantDiscount rate is the “time value” of money. It tells the model how much less a dollar spent in the future is worth compared to a dollar spent today. Higher rates favor technologies with low upfront costs, while lower rates favor capital-intensive options.
Operational
Emissions rate
Emissions rate
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: t/MWhTemporality: year_onlyEmissions produced per unit of activity per technology.
Fuel use rate
Fuel use rate
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: unitlessTemporality: year_onlyFuel use per technology. Expressed as a decimal e.g. if a technology consumes 2 units of a fuel to generate 1 unit of electricity, its input activity ratio would be 2.0.
Operating life
Operating life
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: yearsTemporality: year_onlyOperating life of each technology in years.
Ramp down rate
Ramp down rate
Framework: pypsaUnit: unitlessTemporality: constantMaximum allowed decrease in a technology’s power output between two time steps, relative to its total capacity. Expressed as a decimal e.g. a value of 0.2 means a technology can decreases its output by 20% of its total capacity per time step.
Ramp up rate
Ramp up rate
Framework: pypsaUnit: unitlessTemporality: constantMaximum allowed increase in a technology’s power output between two time steps, relative to its total capacity. Expressed as a decimal e.g. a value of 0.2 means a technology can increase its output by 20% of its total capacity per time step.
Policy
Annual emissions
Annual emissions
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: tTemporality: year_onlyMaximum emissions allowed per year. Can be used to set emissions targets.
Carbon price
Carbon price
Framework: osemosysUnit: $/tTemporality: year_onlyThe cost / penalty of emissions.
Maximum generation
Maximum generation
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: unitlessTemporality: year_onlyMaximum generation allowed per technology as a proportion of total generation. This can be used to set generation limits e.g. Only 20% of generation can come from solar.
Minimum generation
Minimum generation
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: unitlessTemporality: year_onlyMinimum generation required per technology as a proportion of total generation. This can be used to set generation targets e.g. 20% of generation must come from solar.
Reserve margin
Reserve margin
Framework: osemosysUnit: unitlessTemporality: year_onlyThe percentage of extra capacity required above the expected peak demand, ensuring reliability in case of unexpected outages or demand surges. Expressed as a decimal e.g. 1.2 for 20% reserve margin.
Reserve margin contribution
Reserve margin contribution
Framework: osemosysUnit: unitlessTemporality: constantThe maximum proportion of a technology’s total capacity that can contribute to reserve margin e.g. 0.2 means 20% of a given technology’s total capacity can contribute to reserve margin.
Total emissions
Total emissions
Framework: osemosysUnit: tTemporality: constantMaximum emissions allowed over the entire model time horizon. Can be used to set emissions targets.
Storage
Initial state of charge
Initial state of charge
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: MWhTemporality: constantStarting storage capacity at the very beginning of the simulation (time step 0).
Maximum charge rate
Maximum charge rate
Framework: osemosysUnit: MWh/yearTemporality: constantMaximum charging rate for storage technologies.
Maximum discharge rate
Maximum discharge rate
Framework: osemosysUnit: MWh/yearTemporality: constantMaximum discharging rate for storage technologies.
Standing loss
Standing loss
Framework: pypsaUnit: %/hTemporality: year_onlyThe proportion of stored energy lost per hour for storage technologies. Given as a decimal i.e. 0.2 for 20% loss per hour.
State of charge
State of charge
Framework: pypsaUnit: MWhTemporality: typical_profileRequired state of charge per time slice for storage technologies.
Storage balance (day)
Storage balance (day)
Framework: osemosysUnit: binary (0 or 1)Temporality: constantIf enabled (i.e. set to 1, not 0), then the storage technology should charge the same amount it discharges over a day.
Storage balance (season)
Storage balance (season)
Framework: osemosysUnit: binary (0 or 1)Temporality: constantIf enabled (i.e. set to 1, not 0), then the storage technology should charge the same amount it discharges over a season.
Storage balance (year)
Storage balance (year)
Framework: osemosysUnit: binary (0 or 1)Temporality: constantIf enabled (i.e. set to 1, not 0), then the storage technology should charge the same amount it discharges over a year.
Storage capacity
Storage capacity
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: hTemporality: year_onlyMaximum number of hours the storage technology can discharge at full power before it is empty e.g. 4 for a 4-hour battery.
Utilisation
Maximum annual utilisation
Maximum annual utilisation
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: unitlessTemporality: year_onlyMaximum annual output per technology as a proportion of total capacity. Expressed as a decimal e.g. 0.8 for 80%. Used to represent the possibility for planned outages.
Minimum annual utilisation
Minimum annual utilisation
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: unitlessTemporality: year_onlyMinimum annual output required per technology as a proportion of total capacity. Expressed as a decimal e.g. 0.8 for 80%. Used to represent technical or economic constraints e.g. Power Purchase Agreements.
Minimum hourly utilisation
Minimum hourly utilisation
Framework: pypsaUnit: unitlessTemporality: typical_profileMinimum hourly output required per technology as a proportion of total capacity. Expressed as a decimal e.g. 0.8 for 80%.
Renewable profile
Renewable profile
Framework: osemosysFramework: pypsaUnit: unitlessTemporality: typical_profileMaximum capacity available to renewable technologies per time slice, as a proportion of total capacity, due to weather and seasonal patterns. Expressed as a decimal e.g. 0.2 for 20%.